Wheat stalk growth promotion by a highly diluted fertilizer
Abraham O.R.-De la Fuente, Jose A. Heredia-Rojas
, Ricardo Gomez-Flores, Michaela N. Beltcheva
, Diego Alan Carlos-Ramos, Pedro A. N.-D. López, Omar Heredia-Rodríguez
Abstract: Alternatives to using fertilizers in modern agriculture have prompted research of new approaches such as ultra-diluted solutions. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of homeopathic plant fertilizer preparations, made via traditional stepwise dilution and succussion procedures, on wheat stalk growth. We used 10-7, 10-14, and 10-36 dilutions of a commercial fertilizer and Triticum durum Rafi C97 variety wheat grains, which were compared with the negative controls (a) pure bi-distilled water and (b) sham-treated pure bi-distilled water, following the stepwise dilution and succussion method, and a 2% commercial fertilizer solution as a positive control. Each treatment consisted of 120 grains, distributed across 10 disposable Petri dishes. Stalk length was measured by an electronic Vernier device and reported as total length in centimeters. Three independent experiments were conducted, each including all dilutions and controls. Statistical differences were determined by analysis of variance and using the Tukey test to establish individual differences. Results showed a significant (p < 0.05) increased on wheat stalk growth after treatment with diluted fertilizer solutions, as compared with negative controls. Positive control showed the highest stalk growth, but it was not statistically different from that of diluted fertilizer treatments. Our findings suggest that the highly diluted commercial fertilizer promoted wheat seedlings growth, highlighting potential benefits for sustainable agricultural practices. However, additional experiments analyzing this effect at different phases of plant development are necessary, and more endpoints need to be considered.
Keywords: fertilizers; homeopathy; sustainable agriculture; wheat growth
Citation: Rodríguez-De la Fuente, A. O., Heredia-Rojas, J. A., Gomez-Flores, R., Beltcheva, M. N., Carlos-Ramos, D. A., Noguera-Díaz López, P. A. & Heredia-Rodríguez, O. (2024). Wheat stalk growth promotion by a highly diluted fertilizer. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 30 (Supplement 1), 59–62
| References: (click to open/close) | Abasolo-Pacheco, F., Ojeda-Silvera, C. M., García-Gallirgos, V., Melgar-Valdes, C., Nuñez-Cerezo, K. & Mazón-Suástegui, J. M. (2020). Effect of homeopathic medicines during the initial stage and vegetative development of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.). Terra Latinoamericana, 38(1), 165-180.
Betti, L., Trebbi, G., Olioso, D., Marzotto, M. & Bellavite, P. (2013). Basic Research in Homeopathy and Ultra-High Dilutions: What Progress is Being Made? Homeopathy, 102,151-154.
Boujedaini, N., Terzan, L. & Khuda-Bukhsh, A. R. (2012). Summary of Four Scientific studies on Arsenicum Album High Dilution Effect Against Arsenic Intoxication in Mice. International Journal of High Dilution Research, 11, 150-151.
Bracho, G., Varela, E., Fernández, R., Ordaz, B., Marzoa, N., Menéndez, J., García, L., Gilling, E., Leyva, R., Rufín, R., De La Torre, R., Solis, R. L., Batista, N., Norrero, R. & Campa, C. (2010). Large-Scale Application of Highly-Diluted Bacteria for Leptospirosis Epidemic Control. Homeopathy, 99(3), 156-166.
Brizzi, M., Lazzarato, L., Nani, D., Borghini, F., Peruzzi, M. & Betti, L. (2005). A Biostatistical Insight into the As2O3 High Dilution Effects on the Rate and Variability of Wheat Seedling Growth. Complementary Medicine Research, 12(5), 277-283.
Colic, M. & Morse, D. (1999). The Elusive Mechanism of the Magnetic “Memory” of Water. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 154,167-174.
Demangeat, J. (2015). Gas Nanobubbles and Aqueous Nanostructures: The Crucial Role of Dynamization. Homeopathy, 104,101-115.
Endler, P. C., Thieves, K., Reich, C., Matthiessen, P., Bonamin, L., Scherr, C., Baumgartner, S. (2010). Repetitions of Fundamental Research Models for Homeopathically Prepared Dilutions Beyond 10-23: A Bibliometric Study. Homeopathy, 99(1), 25-36.
Heredia-Rojas, J. A., Torres-Flores, A. C., Rodríguez-De La Fuente, A. O., Mata-Cárdenas, B. D., Rodríguez-Flores, L. E., Barrón-González, P., Torres-Pantoja, A. C. & Alcocer-González, J. M. (2011). Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonas vaginalis: Trophozoite Growth Inhibition by Metronidazole Electrotransferred Water. Experimental Parasitolology, 127, 80-83.
Heredia-Rojas, J. A., Gomez-Flores, R., Rodríguez-De La Fuente, A. O., Monreal-Cuevas, E., Cayetano Torres-Flores, A., Rodriguez-Flores, L. E. & Beltcheva, M. (2012). Antimicrobial Effect of Amphotericin B Electronically-Activated Water Against Candida Albicans. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 6(15), 3684-3689.
Heredia-Rojas, J. A., Villarreal-Treviño, L., Rodríguez-De La Fuente, A. O., Herrera-Menchaca, L. I., Gomez-Flores, R., Mata-Cárdenas, B. D. & Rodríguez-Flores, L. E. (2015). Antimicrobial Effect of Vancomycin Electro-Transferred Water Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Variant. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 12(1), 104-108.
Iglesias, M., Marguí, E., Camps, F. & Hidalgo, M. (2018). Extractability and Crop Transfer of Potentially Toxic Elements from Mediterranean Agricultural Soils Following Long-Term Sewage Sludge Applications as a Fertilizer Replacement to Barley and Maize Crops. Waste Management, 75, 312-318.
Mathie, R. T. (2019). Diversity and Excellence In Homeopathy Research. Homeopathy, 108(2), 75.
Munshi, R., Joshi, S., Talele, G. & Shah, R. (2019). An In-Vitro Assay Estimating Changes in Melanin Content of Melanoma Cells Due to Ultra-Dilute, Potentized Preparations. Homeopathy, 108(3), 183-187.
Norman, R. L., Dunning-Davies, J., Heredia-Rojas, J. A. & Foletti, A. (2016). Quantum Information Medicine: Bit as it—The Future Direction of Medical Science: Antimicrobial and Other Potential Nontoxic Treatments. World Journal of Neuroscience, 6(3), 193-207.
Pfleger, A., Hofäcker, J., Scherer-Pongratz, W., Lothaller, H., Reich, C. & Endler, P. C. (2011). The Effect of Extremely Diluted Agitated Gibberellic Acid (10e−30) on Wheat Stalk Growth. A Two Researcher Pilot Study. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 19(3), 164-169.
Pulido, E., Boff, P., Duarte, T. & Boff, M. I. (2017). High dilution preparations for organic production system of broccoli. Agron. Colomb., 35, 53-58.
Rey, L. (2002). Thermoluminescence of Ultra-High Dilutions of Lithium Chloride and Sodium Chloride. Physica A, 323, 67-74.
Schmidt, J. M. (2010). 200 years Organon of Medicine–A comparative Review of its six editions (1810–1842). Homeopathy, 99(4), 271-277.
Şeker, S., Güven, C., Akçakaya, H., Bahtiyar, N., Akbaş, F. & Onaran, I. (2018). Evidence that Extreme Dilutions of Paclitaxel and Docetaxel Alter Gene Expression Of In Vitro Breast Cancer Cells. Homeopathy, 107(1), 32-39.
Stock-Schröer, B., Albrecht, H., Betti, L., Endler, P.C., Linde, K., Lüdtke, R., Musial, F., Van Wijk, R., Witt, C. & Baumgartner, S. (2009). Reporting Experiments in Homeopathic Basic Research (Rehbar) – A Detailed Guideline for Authors. Homeopathy, 98(4), 287-298.
Sukul, N. C. & Sukul, A. (2006). Preparation of High Dilutions of Drugs. In High Dilution Effects: Physical and Biochemical Basis, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 3-10.
Teixeira, J. (2007). Can Water Possibly Have a Memory? A Sceptical View. Homeopathy, 96(3), 158-162.
Teixeria, M. & Carneiro, S. (2017). Effects of Homeopathic High Dilutions on Plants: Literature Review. Revista de Homeopatía, 80(3-4), 104-120.
Thomas, Y. (2007). The History of the Memory of Water. Homeopathy, 96(3), 151-157.
Ücker, A., Baumgartner, S., Sokol, A., Huber, R., Doesburg, P. & Jäger, T. (2018). Systematic review of plant-based homeopathic basic research: an update. Homeopathy, 107(2), 115-129. |
|
| Date published: 2024-12-13
Download full text 
