From waste to wealth: Challenges and opportunities in agricultural side-stream utilization for circular bio-economy in Kosovo

Hysen Bytyqi; Arben Mehmeti; Muhamet Zogaj; Kaltrina Berisha; Labinot Kryeziu; Rainer Waldhardt

Hysen Bytyqi

, Arben Mehmeti

, Muhamet Zogaj

, Kaltrina Berisha

, Labinot Kryeziu

, Rainer Waldhardt

Abstract: This study examines the potential of agricultural by-products such as residues from tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, watermelons, melons, and apples as a sustainable feed source for insect farming, contributing to circular bio-economy efforts in Kosovo. By assessing the availability of these by-products in two key agricultural regions, Dukagjini and Kosovo Plain, the research identifies significant variations in yield, with tomatoes plants producing the highest amount (8.1 t/ha), followed by watermelon, apple, potato, and melon. The findings suggest that these often-discarded agricultural residues, typically overlooked due to market constraints, can be repurposed as insect feed, providing an eco-friendly approach to waste reduction and nutrient recycling. This approach not only addresses the environmental challenges posed by organic waste, but also supports the production of value-added products like insect-based proteins. The study underscores the feasibility of integrating agricultural side-streams into insect farming, contributing to a closed-loop system that aligns with circular bio-economy goals. This research is novel in its focus on Kosovo’s agricultural context, providing localized data and insights that can inform sustainable practices in similar regions. By transforming agricultural waste into valuable resources, the study offers a pathway to enhance sustainability, reduce environmental impact, and promote economic resilience in the agricultural sector.

Keywords: agricultural side-streams; circular bio-economy; insect feed; sustainable protein production; waste reduction

Citation: Bytyqi, H., Mehmeti, A., Zogaj, M., Berisha, K., Kryeziu, L. & Waldhardt, R. (2026). From waste to wealth: Challenges and opportunities in agricultural side-stream utilization for circular bio-economy in Kosovo. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 32(3), 477–485

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Date published: 2026-06-25

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