In vitro and field responses of various active ingredients to Fusarium solani, which causes stem and root rot disease in balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorus)

Tran Dinh Ha; Duong Thi Nguyen; Nguyen Chi Hieu

Tran Dinh Ha, Duong Thi Nguyen, Nguyen Chi Hieu

Abstract: The balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorus) production faces significant challenges due to stem and root rot disease (SRRD) caused by Fusarium solani. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides on F. solani in vitro conditions, determine the effectiveness of soil treatment with bio-products before planting, and investigate their efficacies in controlling SRRD in field conditions. When bio-products were applied for soil treatment before planting, Biobac 50WP and Mocabi SL resulted in preventive effectiveness of 60.84% and 53.36%, respectively, and higher than other bio-products, which only ranging from 14.95% (Biogreen 4.5SL) to 41.14% (Ketomium). When used to control SRRD, their efficacies ranged from 34.94% to 50.84% and from 24.10% to 60.00% with Biogreen 4.5SL and Biobac 50WP two weeks and four weeks after treatment, respectively. Interestingly, Biobac 50WP sustained the highest efficacy compared with other bio-products. These results suggested that Biobac 50WP is a promising bio-product for soil treatment before planting and for controlling SRRD. In vitro conditions, tested fungicides demonstrated different efficacies on the mycelium growth of F. solani CCBHVN. Among them, mancozeb, fosetyl-aluminum, hexaconazole, and mancozeb + metalaxyl exhibited over 70% inhibition efficacy at a concentration of 1.000 ppm three days after treatment (DAT), decreased after 7 DAT. Notably, fosetyl-aluminum maintained high efficacy, exceeding 80% at 5 DAT, and sustained over 75% efficacy after 7 DAT. When they were applied to spray in the field condition, their efficacies ranged from 53.55% (metalaxyl) to 78.51% (fosetyl-aluminum) two weeks after the second treatment and from 39.27% (ningnanmycin) to 72.43% (fosetyl-aluminum) four weeks after the second treatment. These results indicated that fosetyl-aluminum is the best fungicide controlling SRRD in field conditions. Taken together, soil treatment before planting with Biobac 50WP and spraying Biobac 50WP or fosetyl-aluminum are effective measures for sustainable SRRD management in balloon flower cultivation.

Keywords: Balloon flower; bio-products; chemical fungicides; Fusarium solani; Platycodon grandiflorus

Citation: Ha, T. D., Nguyen, D.T. & Hieu, N. C. (2025). In vitro and field responses of various active ingredients to Fusarium solani, which causes stem and root rot disease in balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorus). Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 31(3), 560–566.

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Date published: 2025-06-24

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