Effect of using fermented layer manure with rumen liquor or unfermented in diets on productive performance of broiler
Ali J. Hammod

, Ali A. Bisly

, Atheer Salih Mahdi

Abstract: In this experiment, 300 one-day-old, Ross 308 broiler chicks were housed in pens for 35 days from 09/10/2021 to 13/11/2021, with initial weight 40.5 g at the faculty of Agriculture University of Kufa. The experimental design was randomly distributed among 5 treatments, with 30 chicks per treatment. Each treatment included 3 replicates, and the replicates were randomly distributed among the pens, the area of each pens is 2*1.5 meters, as follows: T1: standard diet (control), T2: diet containing 5% unfermented layer manure, T3: diet containing 10% unfermented layer manure, T4: diet containing 5% layer manure fermented with ruminal liquor, T5: diet containing 10% layer manure fermented with ruminal liquor.
The results showed that the T4 had the best results in each of the final live body weights, the cumulative weight gain, the final feed conversion ratio and the economic figure. And there is no significant differences for all experimental treatments in each of the sensory characteristics (color, flavor, tenderness, general appearance), weight of the liver and spleen and the number of red blood cells.
Keywords: broiler; fermentation; layer manure; rumen liquor
Citation: Hammod, A. J., Bisly, A. A. & Mahdi, A. S. (2025). Effect of using fermented layer manure with rumen liquor or unfermented in diets on productive performance of broiler. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 31(1), 175–182.
References: (click to open/close) | Abid, F. M. (2010). The effect of contains multiple probiotic on productive performance for two strain of broiler chickens. Journal of Techniques, 23(2), 8-14. Adesua, A. A. & Onibi, G. E.(2014). Growth performance, haematology and meat quality of broiler chickens fed rumen liquor-fermented wheat bran-based diets. Jordan J. of Agri. Sci., 10(4), 725-736. Al-Faris, A. K. A. (2012). Partial replacement of barely by soy bean meal or urea and addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to male Arabi lambs and their effects on rumen microbial performance and growth. Philosophy Doctor thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah. Al-Mosawy, J. E. Q. (2013). Effect of different levels of whole date on productive performance and some physiological traits in Awassi sheep. PhD. in Veterinary Medicine/public health. College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Baghdad. Al Naemi, M., Ali, K. A. & Mohammad, S. M. S. (2008). Effect of supplementation locally probiotic, imported bakery yeast and multi enzymes in the performance of broiler. Iraqi Poultry Sciences Journal,3(1), 121-132. Al-Yaseen, A. A. & Abdul-Abass, M. H. (2010). Nutrition of Poultry. University of Baghdad. College of Agriculture. Iraq. Auza, F. A., Purwanti, S., Syamsu, J. A. & Natsir, A. (2021). The relative weight of internal organs and digestive tract in native chickens age 12 weeks that are given various levels of BSF larvae meal (Hermetia illucens L.) in the ration. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science,788, 1-7. Choi, Y. J., Lee, S. R. & Oh, J. W. (2014). Effects of dietary fermented seaweed and seaweed fusiforme on growth performance, carcass parameters and immunoglobulin concentration in broiler chicks. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 27(6), 862-870. Dahiya, D. & Nigam, P. S. (2022). Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fermented foods as potential biotics in nutrition improving health via microbiome-gut-brain axis. Fermentation, 8(7), 303. Darwazeh, M. M. (2010). Effects of rumen filtrate fermented wheat bran on performance of finishing broiler chickens. Master thesis, Faculty of Graduate Studies. An-Najah National University. Dibner, J. J. & Richards, J. D. (2004). The digestive system: challenges and opportunities. Journal of applied poultry research, 13(1), 86-93. Dirksen, G. & Smith, M. C. (1987). Acquisition and analysis of bovine rumen fluid. The Bovine Practitioner (USA). Duncan, B. D. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F. Tests.Biometrics, 11, 1-42. Ewaid, S. H., Abed, S. A. & Al-Ansari, N. (2020). Assessment of main cereal crop trade impacts on water and land security in Iraq. Agronomy, 10(1), 98. Falaki, M., Shargh, M. S., Dastar, B., Zarehdaran, S. & Khomairi, M. (2011). The investigation of intestinal microflora and growth response of young broiler given feed supplemented with different levels of probiotic and prebiotic. J. of Anim. and Vet. Adv., 10(3), 385-390. Francisco, K., Elina, B. & Joseph, S.(2014). Effects of partially replacing maize meal in broiler finishing diets with rumen filtrate fermented-maize bran on broiler chicken performance. Int. J. of Livestock Research, 4(5), 28-34. Hammod, A. J. (2012). The effect of fermented barley with some of fungi in productivity, hematological traits and microbial balance of broiler chicks. M.S.c thesis, Technical College/Al-Musayab, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University. Hammod, A. J. (2016). Effect of Replaced Partial or Complete Fermented Wheat Instead of Corn on some Productive and Physiological Traits of Broiler Chicks. Ph. D. thesis, Collage of Agriculture, University of Basrah. Has, H., Yunianto, V. D. & Sukamto, B. (2013). The effectivity of fermented mulberry leaves with rumen liquor as broiler feed on final body weight, dry matter and crude fiber digestibility, and metabolic energy. Anim. Prod., 15(3), 173-179. Ibrahim, I. K. & Al-Jubory, K. M. Th. (1998). Mycotoxins: Their Effects and Risks. IPA Agriculture Research Center. Iraq. Kanyinji, F. & Moonga, M. (2014). Effects of replacing maize meal with rumen filtrate-fermented cassava meal on growth and egg production performance in Japanese quails (Cortunix japonica). J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 1(3), 100-106. Kanyinji, F. & Sichangwa, M. M. (2014). Performance of broilers fed finishing diets with fermented cotton seed meal as partial replacement for soybean meal. J. Anim. Sci. Adv.,4(7), 931-938. Mahardhika, B. P., Mutia, R. & Ridla, M. (2021). Effort to reduce ammonia gas in the broiler chicken excreta with the addition of probiotic as substitute for antibiotic growth promoter. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 883(1), 1-7. Mahdi, A. S. (2020). Role of dietary dried red grape pomace with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on some physiological and productive aspects in Awassi male lambs (Doctoral dissertation, MSc. Dissertation. College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Republic of Iraq). Marco, A., Ramzy, R. R., Plath, M. & Ji, H. (2021). Evaluating the impact of bird manure vs. mammal manure on Hermetia illucens larvae. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123570. Modak, M., Chowdhury, E. H., Rahman, M. S. & Sattar, M. N. (2019). Waste management practices and profitability analysis of poultry farming in Mymensingh district: A socioeconomic study: Poultry waste management, its impacts and BCA. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, 17(1), 50-57. Mohammed, A. A., Abbas, R. J. & Al-Jrrah, I. A. T. (2013). Evaluation of replacing various levels of dried broiler manure reared in cages containing house fly larvae in diet of local ducks 2- some physiological characters and gut measurements. Basrah J. Agric. Sci., 26(1), 110-126. Nahm, K. H. (2003). Evaluation of the nitrogen content in poultry manure. World's Poultry Science J., 59(1), 77-88. Peled, S. & Livney, Y. D. (2021). The role of dietary proteins and carbohydrates in gut microbiome composition and activity: A review. Food Hydrocolloids, 120, 106911. Saeed, A. A. (2008). Effect of different levels of the dried poultry manure as NPN source on the nutritive value of wheat straw silage for lamb feeding. Journal of Kerbala University, 6(2), 215-221. SAS 2012. SAS/STAT User’s Guide for Personal Computers. Release 7.0 SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N. C., USA. Semeniuk, G., Harshfield, G. S., Carlson, C. W., Hesseltine, C. W. & Kwolek, W. (1970). Occurrence of mycotoxin in Aspergillus spp.185-190. Proc. First U.S. Japan Conf. Toxic. Microorg., U.S. Govt. Printing Office. Washington. D.C. Sharun, K., Manjusha, K. M., Kumar, R., Pawde, A. M., Malik, Y. P., Kinjavdekar, P., Maiti, S. K. & Amarpal (2021). Prevalence of obstructive urolithiasis in domestic animals: An interplay between seasonal predisposition and dietary imbalance. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 35(2), 227-232. Su, M., Hao, Z., Shi, H., Li, T., Wang, H., Li, Q., Zhang, Y. & Ma, Y. (2022). Metagenomic analysis revealed differences in composition and function between liquid-associated and solid-associated microorganisms of sheep rumen. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 1-14. Supriyati, T., Haryati, T., Susanti & Susana, I. W. R. (2015). Nutritional value of rice bran fermented by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and humic substances and its utilization as a feed ingredient for broiler chickens. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 28(2), 231-238. Taoma, B. J. J. (2014). Effect of using different levels of wheat bran fermented with rumen Sheep content in diets on productive performance broiler chickens. M.Sc. thesis, University of Baghdad, College of Agriculture. Iraq. Tope, A. E. K. (2014). Effect of fermentation on nutrient composition and anti-nutrient contents of ground Lima bean seeds fermented with Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhizopus stolonifer and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int. J. of Adv. Research., 2(7), 1208-1215. Turzyński, T., Kluska, J. & Kardaś, D. (2022). Study on chicken manure combustion and heat production in terms of thermal self-sufficiency of a poultry farm. Renewable Energy, 191, 84-91. Uguru, J. O., Amah, U. J., Umoren, E. P., Unigwe, C. R., Obinna-Echem, P. C., Onainor, E. R., Torhemen, M. & Ucheji, C. C. (2022). Carcass traits, nutrient composition and sensory properties of broiler chickens fed diets containing graded levels of fermented cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) tuber meal as replacement for maize meal. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 49(1), 268-283. Wang, L., Wu, J., Liu, Z., Shi, Y., Liu, J., Xu, X., Hao, S., Mu, P., Deng, F. & Deng, Y. (2019). Aflatoxin B1 degradation and detoxification by Escherichia coli CG1061 isolated from chicken cecum. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 1548. Wu, S., Ni, P., Li, J., Sun, H., Wang, Y., Luo, H. & Dong, R. (2016). Integrated approach to sustain biogas production in anaerobic digestion of chicken manure under recycled utilization of liquid digestate: Dynamics of ammonium accumulation and mitigation control. Bioresource Technology,205, 75-81. Xu, Q., Qiao, Q., Gao, Y., Hou, J., Hu, M., Du, Y., Zhao, K. & Li, X. (2021). Gut microbiota and their role in health and metabolic disease of dairy cow. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8, 701511. Yang, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, Y., Li, L., Shi, X., Liu, X., Ren, X. & Dou, S. (2019). Transformation of corn stalk residue to humus-like substances during solid-state fermentation. Sustainability, 11(23), 6771. Yasar, S., Boselli, E., Rossetti, F. & Gok, M. S. (2018). Effect of fermented cereals, probiotics, and phytase on the sensory quality of poultry meat. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 49(3), 225-235. Zaefarian, F., Abdollahi, M. R. & Ravindran, V. (2016). Particle size and feed form in broiler diets: impact on gastrointestinal tract development and gut health. World's Poultry Science Journal, 72(2), 277-290. |
|
| Date published: 2025-02-25
Download full text