Losses from leakage of grain and seeds through openings in machinery and equipment

Miroslav Mihaylov; Bozhidar Kolev

Help

English

Български

Losses from leakage of grain and seeds through openings in machinery and equipment

Miroslav Mihaylov

, Bozhidar Kolev

Abstract: The morphological specifics of the fur can be used for identification in ecological and zoological studies, in forensic and veterinary medical examinations. The scale pattern of the hair is one of the important identifying features and can be used as a “fingerprint”. In this study, the morphological characteristics of the guard hairs of eleven species of prey mammals, present in the fauna of Bulgaria were studied. The values for the hair length, the total hair thickness, the medulla thickness and medullary index were found in the studied animals. The combined use of morphometric values and the “scale model” of the hair - the medullary index (MI) are indexes that are applied for greater data reliability.

Keywords: flow rate; grain and seeds; leakage losses; postharvest handling

Citation: Mihaylov, M. & Kolev, B. (2024). Losses from leakage of grain and seeds through openings in machinery and equipment. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 30(5), 921–929

References: (click to open/close)

Balai, H., Rathore, V., Jain, S. K. & Singh, H. (2018). Estimation of post-harvest losses of wheat in Indore (M.P.) India. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(3), 2588-2592.
Boxall, R. A. (2001). Post-harvest losses to insects—A world review. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad, 48, 137–152.
Boxall, R. (2002). Damage and loss caused by the larger grain borer. Prostephanus truncatus. Integr. Pest Manag. Rev, 7,
105–121.
Bratoev, K., Demirev, Z. & Dobrinov, V. (2013). Preconditions for reduction of grain losses during the oil seed rape harvesting. Mechanization in Agriculture, 2, 7-10.
De Groote, H., Kimenju, S. C., Likhayo, P., Kanampiu, F., Tefera, T. & Hellin, J. (2013). Effectiveness of hermetic systems in controlling maize storage pests in Kenya. J. Stored Prod. Res., 53, 27–36. EN ISO 24333:2010. Cereals and cereal products.
Glancey, J. L. (1997). Analysis of header loss from pod stripper combines in green peas. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 68(1), 1-10.
Grover, D. K., Singh, J. M. & Singh, P. (2012). Assessment of Pre and Post Harvest Losses in Wheat and Paddy Crops in Punjab. AERC STUDY, No. 31, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 102.
Gustavsson, J., Cederberg, C., Sonesson, U., van Otterdijk, R. & Meybeck, A. (2011). Global Food Losses and Food Waste;
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome, Italy
Kolev, B. R. & Mihaylov M. D. (2024). Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Grain and Seeds. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 30(1), 96-100.
Kringe, M. & Newman, P. (2022). Harvest loss goals as grain percentage. Available at: https://grdc.com.au/resources-and-publications/ resources/harvest-resources/harvest-loss. Last accessed: 11.08.2022.
Kumar, D. & Kalita, P. (2017). Reducing Postharvest Losses during Storage of Grain Crops to Strengthen Food Security in
Developing Countries. Foods, 6(1), 8. Available at: https://doi. org/10.3390/foods6010008. Last accessed: 31.07.2022.
Mihaylov, M. & Georgieva, K. (1995). System for control of seed inflow in sub-layered sowing machines. Proceedings of the Jubilee Scientific Conference of the Higher Institute of Yambol. Bulgaria, 6-7 April 1995, 65-69 (Bg).
Moysey, E. B., Lambert, E. W. & Wang, Z. (1988). Flow rates of grains and oilseedsthrough sharp-edged orifices. Transactions of the ASAE, 31(1), 226:231.
Nagpal, M. & Kumar, A. (2012). Grain losses in India and government policies. Qual. Assur. Saf. Crops Foods, 4, 143.
Ordinance №13а-10403 of the Government of Bulgaria on the Limits of Natural Wastage, Marriage and Lack of Commodity-
Material Values in the their Storage and transportation. (2007). Sofia, Bulgaria (Bg) Available at: https://lex.bg/bg/
laws/ldoc/-560170495. Last accessed: 15.07.2022
Patel, S. K. & Varshney, B. P. (2014). Modeling of wheat crop harvesting losses. CIGR Journal, 16(2), 97-102.
Rod, N. M., Asoodar, M. A. & Rahnema, M. (2013). Effect of combine working speed and seed moisture content on berseem
clover losses in khouzestan. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5(4), 349-354.
Schulten, G. (1982). Post-harvest losses in tropical Africa and their prevention. Food Nutr. Bull., 4, 2–9.
Seth, M. K, Chandrakar, M. & Gauraha, A. K. (2018). Post harvest losses, marketing pattern and constraints of chick pea in
northern hills of Chhattisgarh. Economic Affairs, 63(2), 311-316.
Srivastava, A. K., Goering, C. E. & Rohrbach, V. (1993). Engineering principles of agricultural machines. ASAE, Textbook
number 6.

Date published: 2024-10-24

Download full text