Modern notions about the pollen sterility in the vine and methods for overcoming it

Stefan Topale and Venelin Roychev

Abstract: As a result of palynological, cytogenetic and scanning electron microscopy examinations, eight types of pollen sterility in the vine have been identified related to the reasons for their occurrence: genetic; chromosomal; meiotic; genomic; chromosomal-genetic; chromosomal-genomic; polyploid and total. In the distant hybrids of F3-F5 generations, all genotypic variants of pollen sterility are observed – from partially fertile to semi-fertile and form with normally restored fertility and vitality. As the number of generations increases, the number of self-fertile forms increases and the number of sterile ones decreases significantly. A DRX-M3-2 seedling with chromosomal sterility of the two gametophytes was found in F3, in which no grains or seeds were formed, regardless of the pollination method. By crossing distant hybrids of F3 with 2n=38 with S.V.-12-309 and S.V.-20-366, F4 generation was obtained, in which DRX-M4-501,502,503, etc., are fruiting, partially fruiting and infertile with 2n=38, 39. From the crossing of the distant hybrids of F4 – DRX-M4-520, DRX-M4-510 (2n=38) with the cultivars GM-325-58, Cristal and Moldova, F5 generation was created, in a population of which four artificially created species carrying the new vine genome with n=19, 2n=38, which includes the chromosomes of Vitis vinifera and V. rotundifolia.

Keywords: classification; cytogenetic and scanning electron microscopy examinations; distant hybridization in F1-F5 generations; palynological; types of pollen sterility in the vine

Date published: 2021-10-19