Genetic variation of gliadins and some quality characteristics in spelt wheat

Gergana Desheva, Bozhidar Kyosev, Maria Sabeva and Manol Deshev

Abstract: The aim of the study was to asses the genetic variation in 22 accessions of Triticum spelta L. on the basis of quality characteristics and A-PAGE markers. Eleven quality characteristics of grain and whole spelt wheat flour were included in the study. The results of analysis of variance showed high significant differences between spelt wheat accessions. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was greater than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits. High PCV and GCV were observed for sedimentation and fermentation values. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean was recorded for vitreousness, sedimentation value and fermentation value that indicate selection of such traits may be effective. The cluster analys base on studied characteristics using the Between-groups linkage method group the genotypes into four clusters. Genotypes in the fourth cluster BGR 19018 and BGR 28710 were in the highest rate with respect to thousand kernel weight, vitreousness, crude protein content, wet gluten content, dry gluten content, sedimentation value and fermentation value. In total, 51 polymorphic and 2 monomorphic bands and 20 gliadin patterns were identified by A-PAGE. Fourteen different mobility bands and 13 gliadin patterns were identified in the ω-gliadin zone, 17 bands and 18 patterns were noted in the γ-gliadins, 14 patterns and 10 mobility bands were found for β-gliadins and 12 bands with 16 different α -gliadin patterns were determined. The genetic diversity index (H) was the highest for γ-gliadins (0.908), followed by α -gliadins (0.844), respectively and the lowest value was detected in ω-gliadin patterns (0.804). The genetic similarities (GS) among 22 spelt genotypes estimated by Jaccard’s coefficient ranged from 0.103 to 1. The lowest GS was found between genotypes: BGR 26757 and B2000280, respectively, which indicates that the genetic diversity within these pairs of accessions was very high. Three pairs of genotypes had GS equal to 1 (BGR 10978 and BGR 23639; B2000277 and B2000279; BGR 28710 and BGR 10975), which indicated that they are genetically identical and do not differ in their gliadin spectra. Cluster analysis base on gliadin bands data classified genotypes into 11 main groups.

Keywords: A-PAGE; cluster analysis; genetic variability; gliadin; quality characteristics; Triticum spelta L.

Date published: 2021-06-08