Spraying with organic fertilizer Appetizer and phosphate fertilization, and their effect on some growth characteristics and yield of cumin Cuminum cyminum L., and the accumulation of some active substances
Wameedh M. Al-Mafrajee
, Hussien I. Almtarfi, Ahmed Shaker AL-Duhami
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during the 2022-2023 agricultural season on soil with a sandy mixture texture, at the research station of the College of Agriculture, affiliated with the University of Wasit, It employed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications to study the effect of spraying Appetizer fertilizer at three concentrations (0, 0.75 and 1.5 ml per liter of water) symbolized as (C3, C2, C1), and phosphate fertilizer at three levels (0,50, and 100 kg ha1-), symbolized as (L3, L2, L1) along with urea on the growth, yield, and accumulation of certain active substances in the volatile oil of Cuminum cyminum L. The results of the analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the fertilizer levels in the experiment. The phosphate fertilizer at the L3 level recorded the most significant increase in growth traits, yield, and the accumulation of active substances in the volatile oil. The highest plant height averaged of 26.61 cm, with the highest average number of branches reached 7.11 branches Plant1-. The maximum average number of inflorescences was 75.64 inflorescences Plant1-, while the highest average weight of 1000 fruits reached 7.47 g Plant1- . The highest individual plant yield averaged 1.66 g Plant1-. Furthermore, the most notable averages were recorded for certain characteristics of the active substances in the volatile oil. The average percentage of protein in oil was 20.04%, the average percentage of oil in seeds was 2.85%, the highest average refractive index characteristic of the oil reached 1.47 degrees, and the concentration of some active substances in the volatile oil, with the highest average recorded for the substances p-cyinene at 174.2 and terpinene at 1234.3 respectively. The Appetizer fertilizer exhibited a significant increase in plant height, number of inflorescences, weight of 1000 fruits, individual plant yield, percentage of oil protein, and the active compounds in the oil, specifically p-cyinene and terpinen, at concentration C3. The interaction of the experimental factors was significant for most of the study’s traits. Plants treated at the L3 level with the C3 concentration exhibited the highest average in plant height, number of inflorescences, individual plant weight, percentage of oil, refractive index, and active compounds in cumin oil such as a-pinene, p-cyinene, and terpinene.
Keywords: Appetizer; cumin; essential oils; phosphate fertilizer
Citation: Al-Mafrajee, W. M., Almtarfi, H. I. & AL-Duhami, A. Sh. (2025). Spraying with organic fertilizer Appetizer and phosphate fertilization, and their effect on some growth characteristics and yield of cumin Cuminum cyminum L., and the accumulation of some active substances. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 31(6), 1070–1078
| References: (click to open/close) | Al-Bayati, H. J. M. (2013). Effect of spraying with some marine plant extracts on the growth and productivity of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivar Latona. Al-Rafidain Agriculture Journal, 41(4), 108 - 116.
Al-Hamdani, S. A. & Ibrahim, A. J. K. (2018). Effect of spraying seaweed extract on the yield of different varieties of potatoes. Journal Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, 4(2), 2522 - 3364.
Al-Rubaie, B. J. H. (2010). The effect of different levels of phosphate and sulfur fertilizers on yield and its components of the black seed plant. Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2(1), 68 - 76.
Al-Halbousi, O. H. M. (2013). The effect of levels of phosphate and potassium fertilizers and foliar feeding Iron and boron in growth, yield and active ingredients in fenugreek.PhD thesis. College of Agriculture – University Anbar.
Abou El-Yazied, A., El-Gizawy. A. M., Ragab. M. I. & Hamed. E. S. (2012). Effect of seaweed extract and compost Treatment on Growth, Yield and Quality of span Bean. Journal of Ame- Scie, 8(6), 1 - 20.
Abu Zaid, A. N.(2000). Plant hormones and agricultural applications. Arab House for Publishing and Distribution. Egypt Arabic.
Akbari, G. A., Mahdiyeh, A., Amin, B., Iraj, A. & Maryam S. )2013(. Effect of Zn and Fe Foliar Application on Yield, Yield Components and some Physiological Traits of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) in DryFarming. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 4(12), 3231 - 3237.
British, P. (1986). The Pharmaceutical press. London.pp.1836.
Chen, B. H., Vhuang, J. R., Lin, J. H. & Chiu, C. P. (1993). Quantification of provitamin compound in Chinese vegetables by high performance liquid chromatography. Journal Food Protection, 56(1), 51 - 54.
De, M., De, A. K., Mukhopadhyay, R., Banerjee, A. B. & Miro, M. (2003) Antimicrobial activity of Cuminum cyminum L. Ars Pharmaceutica, 44(3), 257 - 269.
Glaser, A. & Biggs, C. (2010). An Introduction to Statisical Methods in Genstat. VSN Internationl. Hemel Hempstead. UK.
Jan, I., Sajid, M., Hussin, A., Khan, N., Wahid, F. I., Alam, R. & Alam, H. (2011).response of seed yield of coriander to phosphorus and row spacing, Department of Horticulture , Agricultural University, Peshawar –Pakistan, Sarhad Journal. Agric, 1(27), 4.
Keerthiga, N., Roy, A., Rajeshkumar, S. & Thangavelu, L. (2019).Antioxidant Activity of Cumin Oil Mediated Silver Nanoparticles. Pharmacognosy Journal, 11(4), 787 - 789.
Rabbani, M., Ghafoor, A. A. & Masood, M. S. (2011). NARC-Kalonji: an early maturing and high yielding and variety of Nigella sativa released for cultivation in Pakistan. Pak. Journal Bot., 191 - 195.
Rezaeieh, k. A., Gurbuz, B. & Eivazi, A. (2016). Effects of Different Zinc Levels on Vegetative Growth and Essential Oil Contents of some Iranian and Turkish Cumin (Cumin cyminum L.) Genotypes. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 19(5), 1181 - 1191.
Romeilah, R. m., Fayed, S. A. & Mahmoud, G. I. (2010). Chemical composition, antiviral and antioxidant activities of seven essential oils. Journal. Appl. Sci. Res., 6(1), 50 - 62.
Sabet, H. & Mortazaeinezhad, F. (2018). Yield, growth and Fe uptake of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) affected by Fe-nano, Fe-chelated and Fe-siderophore fertilization in the calcareous soils. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 50, 154 - 160.
Talaei, G. H., Shocofeh, G., Zeynab, K. P. & Majid, A. D. (2014). Effects of Biological and Chemical Fertilizers Nitrogen on Yield Quality and Quantity in Cumin (Cuminum Cyminum L). Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 4(2), 55 - 64.
Talaei, H. G. & Dehaghi, M. A. (2015). Effects of bio and chemical fertilizeron yield and yield components of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) . Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 30(6), 932 - 942.
Tanya, C., Pushpa, C. T. & Komal, A. (2020). Micronutrient encapsulation using nanotechnology: nanofertilizers. Plant Arch., 20(2), 1748 - 1753.
Tbaileh, A. M., Hadded, N. I., Hattar, B. I. & Kharallah, K. (2007). Effect of some agricultural practices on cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) productivity under rain fed conditions of Jordan. Jordan Journal. Agric. Sci., 3(2), 103 - 116.
Zolleh, H. H., Bahraminejad, S., Maleki, G. & Papzan, A. H. (2009). Response of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) to sowing date and plant density. Res. Journal. Agric. Bio. Sci., 5(4), 597 - 602. |
|
| Date published: 2025-12-16
Download full text 
