Effect of different levels of phosphate and potassium fertilizer on the growth and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
Ragheb Hadi A. Al-bourky
, Haider A.-H. M. Al-Mugher, Salama T. A. Al-Mousawi
Abstract: In Al-Bandar experimental field in Al-Muthanna Governorate, a field experiment was conducted in the spring of 2020 and 2021. The purpose of the research is to determine how much phosphate and potassium fertilizers affect the yield of sorghum and its constituent parts. The experiment was conducted using the Caviar variety and the RCBD with three replications. The experiment consisted of four fertilizer amounts: 0, 30, 60, and 120 kg K ha-1 for potassium and 0, 40, and 80 kg P ha-1 for phosphate. Following the arrival of the plant at 75% flowering, ten plants were randomly chosen from the test units, together with the subsequent parameters were measured: plant height, the index of leaf area, the yield of dry fodder (dry matter), the quantity of grains within each panicle, 1000 grains (g) and yield ton ha-1. The results indicate that the potassium fertilization treatment exceeded 120 kg ha-1 kg K ha-1 in plant height 162.64 -162.75 cm, stem diameter 12.77 - 12.59 mm, dry feed weight 13.29 - 12.77 tons ha-1, green fodder weight 27.18 -27.01 tons/ha, and several grains per head 2055.67 And 2134 grains, grain yield of 5.56 and 5.78 tons ha-1, the fertilization treatment exceeded 80 kg P ha-1 in plant height 177.44-177.11 cm, stem diameter 12.90 - 13.07 mm, dry feed weight 11.80 - 11.38 tons h-1, and green fodder weight 25.94 - 25.87 tons ha-1 The number of grains per head is 2063.25 and 2096.75 grains, and the grain yields are 5.73 and 5.82 tons ha-1, respectively, in both seasons.
Keywords: phosphate; potassium; sorghum; yield
Citation: Al-bourky, R. H. A., Al-Mugher, H. Ab.-H. M. & Al-Mosawi, S. T. A. (2025). Effect of different levels of phosphate and potassium fertilizer on the growth and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 31(5), 910–916
| References: (click to open/close) | Abdelhalim, T. S., Kamal, N. M. & Hassan, A. B. (2019). Nutritional potential of wild sorghum: Grain quality of Sudanese wild sorghum genotypes (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Food Sci. Nutr., 7(4), 1529 - 1539.
Abu, D., Youssef, M. & Al-Younes, M. A. (1990). Plant Nutrition Guide. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. University of Baghdad. Mosul University Press, Iraq.
Al-Bourky, R. H., Mahmoud, M. R. & Ali, S. T. (2021). Effect of spraying with nano silica and water salinity levels on growth and yield of wheat. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 923(1), 012058. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/923/1/012058.
Al-Ani, A. A. S. (2011). Effect of zinc foliar and potassium fertilizer on growth, yield, and quality of two cultivars of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) (M.Sc. thesis). College of Agriculture, Anbar University.
Alhassan, U., Yeye M. Y., Aba, D. A. & Alabi, S. O. (2008). Correlation and path coefficient analyses for agronomic and malting quality traits in some sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment., 6(3&4), 285 - 288.
Ali, M. A., Jabran, K., Awan, S. I., Abbas, A., Zulkiffal, M., Acet, T. & Rehman, A. (2007). Morpho-physiological diversity and its implications for improving drought tolerance in grain sorghum at different growth stages. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5(3), 311 - 320.
Al-Maghribi, N. M. H. (2004). The effect of potassium and phosphate fertilizer on growth and production of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench irrigated with different water salinity (Ph.D. dissertation). Department of Soil, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad.
Al-Khafaji, A A, Hammadi, K. B. & Fayyad, N. M. (2000). The effect of adding foamy sulfur on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in calcareous sedimentary soil. Iraqi Agricultural Sciences Journal, 31(1), 17 - 26.
Al-rawi, M. B. N. & Al-Dulaimi, O. I. M. (2023). Effect of Potassium Silicate Spray and Water Stress on Yield and Yield Components of Sorghum. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1252(1), 012028. IOP Publishing.
Al-Tahir, Faisal, M., Al-Refai, Sh. I. & Hashem, Kh. I. (2013). Performance of sorghum genotype under dry Iraqi conditions. Association of Agricultural Technology in Southeast Asia. Bangkok, 633 - 642.
Amandeep, S. (2012). Forage quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) as influenced by irrigation, N levels, and harvesting stage. Indian Journal of Science Research, 3(2), 67 - 72.
Al-Fahdawi, W A S T. (2008). Effect of Levels of Agricultural Sulfur and Compound Fertilizer DAP on Grain Yield and Its Components of Sorghum. Master Thesis. Baghdad University. College of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops.
Cobb, A. B., Wilson, G. W. T., Goad, C. L., Bean, S. R., Kaufman, R. C. & Herald, T. J. (2016). The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in grain production and nutrition of sorghum genotypes: enhancing sustainability through plant-microbial partnership. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 233, 432 - 440. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2016.09.024.
Erasmo, E. A. L. & Pitelli, R. A. (1997). Effects of the application of fertilizer with phosphorus in the relationship between Sorghum and purpple nutsedge. I. Initial growing. Planta daninha,15(2), 114 - 121.
Elmedani, Y. H. E. (1997). The effect of phosphate rocks, triple super phosphate and their combinations on the performance of Sorghum bicolor var. dura (L.) x sorghum Sudanese (piper)(stapf)[Sudan].
Fosket, D. E. (1994). Plant growth and development: A molecular approach. University of California Academic Press, Irvin, 694.
Gemenet, D. C., Leiser, W. L., Beggi, F., Herrmann, L. H., Vadez, V., Rattunde, H. F., Weltzien, E., Hash, C. T., Buerkert, A. & Haussmann, B. I. (2016). Overcoming phosphorus deficiency in west African pearl millet and sorghum production systems: promising options for crop improvement. Front. Plant Sci., 7, 1389. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01389.
Horgan, J. M. & Wareing, P. F. (1980). Cytokinins and the growth responses of seedlings of Betula pendula Roth, and Acer pseudoplatanus L. to nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency. Journal of Experimental Botany, 31, 525 - 532.
Dar, R. A., Dar, E. A., Kaur, A. & Phutela, U. G. (2018). Sweet sorghum-a promising alternative feedstock for biofuel production. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 82, 4070 - 4090. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.066.
Marschner, H. (1986). Mineral Nutrition Of Higher Plants. University of Adelaide, Academic Press, London, 694.
Mutlag, N. A., Kadhum, F. A. & Saleem, Q. A. (2015). Effect of deficit irrigation and potassium fertilizer on grain yield of sorghum. The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 46(5), 247 - 257.
Paterson, A., Bowers, J. & Bruggmann, R. (2009). The Sorghum bicolor genome and the diversification of grasses. Nature, 457, 551 - 556. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07723.
Reddy, B. V. S., Ramesh, S., Sanjana Reddy, P. & Ramaiah, B. (2005). Sweet sorghum: A potential alternative raw material for bioethanoland bioenergy. International Sorghum and Millets Newsletter, 46, 79 - 86.
Restelatto, R., Menezes, L. F. G. de, Paris, W., Sartor, L. R., Martin, T. N., Herrera, W. F. B. & Pavinato, P. S. (2017). Sorghum and black oat forage production and its nutritive value under phosphate levels. Revista Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 38, 429 - 442.
Salama, A. M. S. E.-D. & Wareing, P. F. (1979). Effects of mineral nutrition on endogenous cytokinins in plants of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 30, 971 - 981.
Sharma, P. S. & Ramna, S. (1993). Response of sorghum to nitrogen and potassium in Alfisol. J. Potash. Res., 9(27), 171 - 175.
Sharma, P. S. & Kumari, T. S. (1996). Effect of potassium under water stress on growth and yield of sorghum in Vertisol. J. Potash. Res., 12(3), 319 - 325.
Stickler, F. C., Wearden, S. & Pauli, A. W. (1961). Leaf area determination in grain sorghum 1. Agronomy Journal, 53(3), 187 - 188.
Taiz, L. & Zeiger, E. (1991). Plant physiology: Mineral nutrition. The Benjamin Cummings Publishing Co., Inc. Redwood City, 100 - 119. |
|
| Date published: 2025-10-28
Download full text 
