The economic impacts of the post-harvest losses of tangerines and Seville oranges crops in Iraq (Baghdad Governorate: As a case study)
Zuhal R. Kadhim

, S. H. Ali, Shayma A. AL-Rubaye
Abstract: This study aims to calculate the percentage of loss and its causes of the horticultural crops tangerines and Seville oranges in Baghdad governorate for the 2020 agricultural season and estimate the economic impacts of losses both crops tangerines and Seville oranges at the study samples level. The research followed both methods descriptive and the quantitative mathematical in estimating the loss of horticultural crops from tangerines and Seville oranges trees and calculating the economic impact of this loss. The results showed that the percentage of losses of tangerines and Seville oranges crops on the level of wholesalers was about 12% and 13% respectively; causing economic losses estimated at about 3184.41 Euro. The results also displayed that the rate of total cash losses, average total lost areas, average wasted water, and average wasted fertilizers, at the level of plantation owner were estimated at 234.8 Euro, 2.9 ha, 17469.6 m3 and 580 kg for each of them, respectively. In light of these results, it is necessary to identify the most important factors that reduce or limit agricultural waste for achieving the dominant strategic goal of food security.
Keywords: Food Security; Horticultural crops; Iraq; Post-Harvesting losses
Citation: Kadhim, Z. R., Ali, S. H. & AL-Rubaye, S. A. (2025). The economic impacts of the post-harvest losses of tangerines and Seville oranges crops in Iraq (Baghdad Governorate: As a case study). Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 31 (2), 237–244.
References: (click to open/close) | Al-Awadi, F. (2011). An economic study of marketing losses for some horticultural crops in Egypt (a field study). Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 36(3), 1040 - 1053. Al-Badour, M. (2010). Estimating post-harvest losses of some vegetable crops in Jordan. The Jordanian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6(1), 1-10. Al-Dhalea, A. & Al-Faar, Sh. (2012). An economic study of the productive losses of wheat as the most important cereal crop in Beheira Governorate. Mansoura University. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, 3(9), 1285-1297. Ali, S. & Jabara, O. (2021). An economic study of post-harvest losses for wheat farmers in Iraq Baghdad Governorate – Case Study. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 52(5), 1267- 1275. Al-Jahwi, M. (1995). Loss of the most important agricultural food commodities in the A.M.A. The National Symposium on Agricultural Product Loss in Arabian Countries, Arabian Development Organization. Workshop Papers, number 5. Al-Qahtani, S. & Adel, M. (2007). Post-harvest purification and its relationship to marketing losses and agricultural economic resources for the most important vegetable and fruit crops in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Research No. 160, Research Center of the College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University. Awad, M. (2016). Evaluation of agricultural losses before and after the harvest of some vegetable and fruit crops in the State of Qatar for the period (2013-2015). PhD thesis, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Algezira. Draz, S., Al-Subaie, F. & Abou El, M. E. (2017). Farmers’ knowledge of the causes of wastage in wheat in Damietta Governorate. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, 8(12), 963-972. El-Ghonamy, A. (2017). An economic study of the waste of Egyptian rice crop in Beheira governorate. Mansoura University, Egypt. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, 8(6), 351-355. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2014). Global food losses and food waste – extent, causes and prevention by Gustavsson, J., Cederberg, C., Sonesson, U., van Otterdijk, R. & Meybeck, A. Rome http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/mb060e/mb060e00.pdf Gharde, Y., Singh, P., Dubey, R. & Gupta, P. (2018). Assessment of yield and economic losses in agriculture due to weeds in India. Journal of Crop Protection, 107, 12–18. www.elsevier.com/locate/cropro. Ghazzawy, H. S., Alhajhoj, M. R., Sallam, A. A. M. & Munir, M. (2019). Impact of chemical thinning to improve fruit characteristics of date palm cultivar Khalas. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 50(5), 1361-1368. Hodges, R., Buzby, J. C. & Bennett, B. (2011). Post-harvest losses and waste in developed and less developed countries: opportunities to improve resource use. Journal of Agricultural Science, 149(S1), 37-45. Jamila, A. & Al-Omari, A. (2015). Estimation of post-harvest losses for guava and fig crops in Alexandria Governorate. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, 6(9), 1421-1430. Kader, A. (1991). Post-harvest Technology of Horticulture Crops. First edition, University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication 3311. Laota, T. (2014). Workshop Integrated Post-harvest and Storage Risks Management for Horticultural Exports. Biological, Environmental and Agricultural Statistical Training Center (IBESTAT). https://www.agro-lib.site/2019/11/blog-post_260.html. Mahmoud, A., Al-Awadi, A. & Kamel, A. (2010). An economic study of the marketing losses of some horticultural crops in Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 20(1), 1-13. Ministry of Iraqi Agriculture, Planning and Follow-up Department (2021). Report of Cultivation and Production of Horticultural Crops in Iraq for period 2000-2019. Qamra, S. (2008). The effect of post-harvest technology on marketing losses and agricultural economic resources of the most important vegetables and fruits produced in Alexandria Governorate, Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 33(5), 3785-3796. Sayed, S. (2015). An economic study of post-harvest losses of the most important fruit crops in Fayoum Governorate. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, 6(11), 1925- 1935. Yusuf, B. & He, Y. (2011). Design, development and techniques for controlling grains post-harvest losses with metal silo for small and medium scale farmers. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(65), 14552-14561. Zaki, H. & Elham, M. (2015). Post-harvest treatments, net post-harvest technology. new.reefnet.sy › index.php. |
|
| Date published: 2025-04-28
Download full text