APPLICATION OF PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF ESSENTIAL AND TOXIC METALS IN VEGETABLE AND SOIL FROM POLLUTED AND REFERENT AREAS
K. Bačeva, B. Balabanova, T. Stafilov
Abstract: The aim of the paper is to assess the 21 elements distribution in agricultural soil and vegetables [garlic (Allium sativum), onion (Allium cepa) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum)] widely used as food in areas contaminated with toxic metals due to long-lasting copper mining activities in the Republic of Macedonia. Principal components analysis (PCA) models were computed with different variables: elements contents in vegetables and soil samples collected from contaminated and uncontaminated areas and the bioaccumulation and transferring factors for hazardously metals. Bioaccumulation and mobility of the
elements were determined with three soil extraction methods: in 0.1 M HCl; in H2O and in a mixed buffered solution of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, CaCl2 and triethanolamine (DTPA-CaCl2-TEA). Inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was applied to determine the contents of the analyzed elements content in the vegetables, soils and soil extracts. The total contents in soil were found above the European standards for As, Cd, Cu and Pb in urban and mines environ, while the vegetables were enriched with Pb and Cd in polluted areas. The PCs plant and soil models (PCA1, PCA2 and PCA3 models) were very useful in determination the relation/correlation of the elements contents in soil (total and extractable contents) and vegetable species. Significant extraction efficiency was obtained for HCl extraction agent (for Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, V and Zn) and for DTPA-CaCl2-TEA (for Cd, Cu, partially Ni, and Pb). Parsley, onion and garlic showed higher translocation efficiency for As, Cd, Cu and Pb in urban area and mines polluted areas (TF > 1).
elements were determined with three soil extraction methods: in 0.1 M HCl; in H2O and in a mixed buffered solution of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, CaCl2 and triethanolamine (DTPA-CaCl2-TEA). Inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was applied to determine the contents of the analyzed elements content in the vegetables, soils and soil extracts. The total contents in soil were found above the European standards for As, Cd, Cu and Pb in urban and mines environ, while the vegetables were enriched with Pb and Cd in polluted areas. The PCs plant and soil models (PCA1, PCA2 and PCA3 models) were very useful in determination the relation/correlation of the elements contents in soil (total and extractable contents) and vegetable species. Significant extraction efficiency was obtained for HCl extraction agent (for Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, V and Zn) and for DTPA-CaCl2-TEA (for Cd, Cu, partially Ni, and Pb). Parsley, onion and garlic showed higher translocation efficiency for As, Cd, Cu and Pb in urban area and mines polluted areas (TF > 1).
Keywords: agriculture soil; ICP-AES; PCA; toxic metals; vegetables
Date published: 2017-09-14
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